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Mahou Factory Free Essays

Mahou Factory Visit Mahou is a Spanish brewery house founded in the year 1890, in the capital Madrid. The company created a reputation for it self that precedes it even now a days, for its quality of production and the traditionalism of the production. Today the company is among the largest and most powerful brewery in Spain with a dominant market share. We will write a custom essay sample on Mahou Factory or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main brewery factory, being the one we visited, is located in the outskirts of Madrid, Alovera Guadalajara to be more specific. The Factory is the biggest in Spain and second biggest in Europe, it is unique in Europe for its complex automatized process and innovative technology. The factory produces up to 4 million liters of beer a DAY. Trough out our visit we could observe the process of production of the beer, most being completely automatized, yet having key workers in key locations were mistakes cannot occur. Even the most efficient machines can make mistakes, the problem is that the problem wont be spotted it since its and automatized process therefore you need the scientist and key workers in place to reassure the smoothness of the process. This could be considered a poki oki in Japanese terms or a security measure for the avoidance of problems in the production process. From the beginning we could observe a complex system practically runed by computers, the only un automatized process is the lab and examination of samples. But in order to keep control of quality, it’s a process that need to be done with detail and personal, to keep better control of quality even if the cost for it might be high. This with the large control room constantly observing and controlling the brewing process day and night, 24/7, 365 days a year, make it a supper efficient machine for quality control and cost control. The control room has constant machines and computers controlling the brewing process from start to end including the bottling and packaging, This is then combines with a couple of professionals constantly examining and managing the process of production with constant control like sample taking to ensure that the quality and process is going to perfection. With this, we can surely say we are of to a good start. Continuing on with the quality control process we then have again several controls to ensure quality, like exporting the water from the erfect mineralization from Guadalajara, like exporting the main resources needed to ensure that their customer gets the quality expected always. After the brewing process there are several other controls like the bottle revision that ensures that they are clean, then there’s another machine ensuring that they all have the perfect measurements (full) with a laser measurer, after wards a few samples are taken from the produced batch of the day to again lastly ensure that the quality is the desired one. Furthermore we can also observe the cost efficiency process in place. Even though the machinery implemented is expensive in the long term it cuts cost by huge amounts ensuring less mistakes higher quality and happier customers. The control room cuts cost by having many less workers doing the control process over the brewing production process by having it all automatized, not counting how more efficient it is. Then they cut cost by implementing this brewing tanks outside the factory were its easier to obtain the liquid in bigger quantities. But, by a long shot the most efficient cost cutting control is the logistics the factory built right next to the high way to have a quick and easy way to transport and move things. Also they have deals with multiple other breweries to bottle their bear were they do not have a factory in order to make it seemingly less costly and easier to distribute their product. Lastly, I will talk about their green impact on the world, or ecological controls. Now days every company is striving to be a leader as social responsible and environmentally friendly. Every company ahs its motives for this, some marketing technique, others tax benefits or company reputation etc. What’s very admirable of Mahou’s environmental help to the world is that it not only gives good company reputation, tax, etc, its that it is cost reducing also making it cost efficient. Mahous recycles 90 % or more in some cases, of their bottles and containers, due to a deal established with the distributor and maker of the beer containers. This is extremely efficient and green for the environment counting the huge amount of production and trash they are avoiding creating. With both eh process distinguishing the broken or defect bottles and the un-cleanable they have created a perfect quality, cost and environmental friendly control all in one, keeping to its name and reputation. How to cite Mahou Factory, Essay examples

Difference Between Private and Public International Law free essay sample

Differences between private and public international law In the study of international law, a sharp distinction is usually drawn between public international law, concerned with the rights and obligations of states with respect to other states and individuals, and private international law, concerned with issues of jurisdiction, applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in international private law disputes before national courts. Private international law is viewed as national law, which is and ought to be focused on resolving individual private disputes based on domestic conceptions of justice or fairness. Some acknowledgment of the international dimension of private international law problems is given through the role played by the concept of ‘comity’, but its status remains ambiguously ‘neither a matter of absolute obligation, on the one hand, nor of mere courtesy and good will, upon the other. In turn, public international law traditionally neglects the analysis of private international interactions and disputes, which are viewed as outside its ‘public’ and ‘state-centric’ domain. We will write a custom essay sample on Difference Between Private and Public International Law or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Thus, public and private international law are viewed as distinct disciplines, as two separate intellectual streams running in parallel. Justice and the application of foreign law If a judge were to decide to apply foreign law because it is more ‘just’ inits substantive effect, they would be substituting their own views about justice for the judgment, the collective values, embodied in the law of their state. No English judge would approach the problem in this way – although some private international law rules in the United States controversially permit exactly this, suggesting that the ‘choice of law’ rules which determine the applicable law should not be blind to the outcome of the cases to which they are applied, and thus the courts should be allowed to take into consideration the substantive outcomes of choice of law decisions. Judges are, however, supposed to apply law, not decide cases based on their intuitions. If a judge decides a case based purely on their preferred outcome, then their decision does not reflect the law, but the personal preferences and even prejudices of the judge. This is the ‘rule of the judge’, not the ‘rule of law’ – in the common law, ‘the judge’s duty is to interpret and to apply the law, not to change it to meet the judge’s idea of what justice requires’. Even in the context of amore ‘politicised’ judiciary in the US legal system, this level of discretion is still difficult to reconcile with basic ideas concerning the powers and function of the courts. This analysis suggests that the usual sense in which the word ‘justice’ isused is unable to help as a justification for choice of law rules. The idea that ‘justice’ could operate as a justification for applying foreign law seems to be question-begging – since the problem is determining which idea of ‘justice’ should be applied. The usual meaning of ‘justice’ may tell us little about choice of law rules, but choice of law rules reveal something about our ideas of justice. The application of a foreign law on the grounds of justice presupposes an underlying acceptance that the outcome determined by a foreign law and perhaps a foreign court may, depending on the circumstances, be more ‘just’ than local law. It acknowledges that the ‘just’ outcome of a claim for damages for an accident in England, governed by English substantive law, would not be the same as the ‘just’ outcome of a claim for damages for the same accident, if it occurred in a foreign territory and was thus governed by foreign law. This reveals an underlying commitment to what is referred to in this book as ‘justice pluralism’. The underlying justification for the application of foreign law must therefore be a question of context – of determining the appropriate circumstances for the application of local or foreign standards of justice, the appropriate ‘connections’ between the dispute and the forum or legal system. This determination cannot be based on ordinary principles of national law, because the point is to determine which national law ought to apply. A central problem in choice of law, is thus the determination of what standards could be applied to identify when the application of a foreign law is ‘just’. Justice and jurisdiction There are two fundamentally different concerns in an exercise of national judicial jurisdiction. The first is the existence of state power: whether the state has regulatory authority over the dispute. If the state has authority, a second concern arises: whether the state court will exercise this power. This distinction is not the same as the distinction between jurisdictional rules and discretions at the national level. Some rules of jurisdiction may determine, instead of or in addition to discretionary powers to stay proceedings, whether state power is exerted. Equally, the exercise of apparently discretionary rules could mask an underlying objective of compliance with international limitations on judicial authority. It may not be left to the courts to determine, as a matter of judicial restraint, whether regulatory authority is exercised; but equally, it may be left to the courts to determine whether regulatory authority even exists. In the common law tradition, the two different concerns behind rules of jurisdiction are obscured by the fact that these theoretical considerations have been amalgamated in broad discretionary tests. The distinction is important because rules which are concerned with the existence of state power involve fundamentally different considerations from those concerned with its exercise, although this is often difficult to detect in practice because the two objectives are frequently addressed in (and obscured by) a single rule. Rules concerned with the exercise of jurisdiction will frequently draw on national conceptions of the balance between the rights of plaintiffs and defendants, and the domestic evaluation of practical considerations such as the cost of the proceedings to the state – matters which are part of each national conception of ‘justice’. By contrast, rules concerned with the existence of jurisdictional authority cannot reflect national policies or values, because this would beg the question as to whether there is power to apply those policies. This component of the determination of jurisdiction cannot be based on a national conception of private rights, because no national system could provide authority for a decision that such rights exist; it must therefore be international in character. The divergence between public and private international law has, however, always been greater in theory than in practice, particularly aspublic international law has re-expanded to encompass private relations. Despite the dominance of the positivist perspective, private international law rules continue to reflect and replicate underlying ideas of international order, in the context of private law – they constitute a hidden (private) international law. The decisions of national courts in private international law are a particular example of the phenomenon of an international order constructed by a distributed global judicial network – an example of ‘peer governance’. As long as this ordering is unrecognised and unanalysed, its justness goes unexamined. For this examination to occur, the flow of the divergent streams of public and private international law theory must be channelled back towards confluence. Perhaps the most obvious sign of the continued influence of an international perspective on private international law is in the work of international institutions concerned with its harmonisation. A number of well-known international legal organisations are at least formally interested in private international law, including the International Law Association, Institute of International Law and International Law Commission, although in practice their focus has been almost exclusively on public international law. The General Assembly of the United Nations showed an interest in the subject at one time, but diverged towards a focus on the competing strategy of substantive harmonisation of private law. The work of the Hague Conference on Private International Law, which has been meeting regularly since 1893 and became a permanent intergovernmental organisation in 1955, is thus particularly prominent and important in this field. Its purpose, as defined in Article 1 of its Statute, is ‘to work for the progressive unification of the rules of private international law’. Numerous treaties on awide range of subject matters have been stablished under its auspices, both codifying existing international agreement on private international law and pushing for progressive development in the law, although their success in attracting widespread ratification has been variable. Public international law rules of jurisdiction The limits on the regulatory authority of states are expressed in public international law through the concept of ‘jurisdiction’. The boundaries of ublic international law jurisdiction are a matter of some controversy, but there is broad agreement on its general framework. In public international law the term ‘jurisdiction’ is used in a much broader sense than in private international law. In the context of the rules on the regulatory authority of states, three types of public international law jurisdiction are usually distinguished. These frequently overlap and thus the distinction is not always easy to maintain, n or is it universally accepted as reflecting international law. First, jurisdiction to prescribe or legislate, or roughly the limits on the law-making powers of government. The issue here is the permissible scope of application of the laws of each state; in private law disputes, this may be viewed as related to the private international law problem of the determination of the applicable law. Second, jurisdiction to adjudicate, or (roughly) the limits on the judicial branch of government. In private disputes, this is evidently closely related to the idea of jurisdiction in private international law. Third, jurisdiction to enforce, or (roughly) the limits on the executive branch of government. This limit is directly concerned with the acts of authorities implementing law, such as police or bailiffs. In the private law context, it is related to the pragmatic question of whether the court can enforce any judgment by exercising physical power over the defendant or their property. The limits on enforcement jurisdiction thus provide policy reasons why a national court might decide not to exercise jurisdiction, even when it had prescriptive jurisdiction under international law. If the judgment could not be enforced consistently with international law, because neither the individual nor their property were present in the territory, then a court might take this into consideration in deciding whether it is the appropriate forum to hear the dispute. Because the limits on enforcement jurisdiction mean that a judgment is only directly effective within the judgment state, they also necessitate mechanisms for the enforcement of foreign judgments in private international law. The correspondence in structure between the three aspects of public international law rules of ‘jurisdiction’ and the three basic components of private international law (jurisdiction, applicable law and the recognition and enforcement of judgments) suggests their underlying commonality. Public international law rules on jurisdiction are expressed as being applicable to the state as a whole. In practice, however, different aspects of the rules are directed to and typically restrain different branches of national government. In examining the development of these rules and questions of state compliance, the division between international and national law is patently unhelpful. Although public international law does not specify the structures of state governments, it is the actions of domestic institutions, including national legislative measures and judicialdecisions, that constitute the acts of the state for the purpose of these international obligations. The actions of national legislatures and courts can constitute state practice for the purposes of the development of international customary law or for the determination of ‘the general principles of law recognized by civilized nations’, as well as constituting acts of the state for the purposes of determining whether a breach of an international legal obligation has occurred. Their role in both international and national law reflects, as Scelle described it, their dedoublement fonctionnel. Territoriality in public international law It is sometimes claimed that the public international law rules governing jurisdiction are subject to an overriding requirement of ‘reasonableness’, although this is not universally accepted. The idea of a secondary requirement of ‘reasonableness’ has been criticised for giving courts too much flexibility. It may be better interpreted not as a separate test but as a consideration going to the degree of connection required to establish jurisdiction. Here the influence of territoriality is clear; the requirement of reasonableness is said to necessitate consideration of territorial connections such as ‘the link of the activity to the territory of the regulating state, i. e. , the extent to which the activity takes place within the territory, or has substantial, direct, and foreseeable effect upon or in the territory’. Territoriality in private international law The influence of territoriality in private international law is pervasive. The accepted grounds for the exercise of jurisdiction or the choice of a particular applicable law in national courts are predominantly territorial, although these can take a number of different forms. While territoriality is behind a variety of private international law rules, these rules may thus reflect a range of interpretations of what territoriality means in practice and in different contexts, and different views on the extent to which legislatures should decide these questions generally or leave them to the courts to work out in each case. The study of their interaction is not merely useful because public international law rules on jurisdiction help explain the rules of private international law, but also because the rules of private international law provide an important source of state practice for the development and understanding of the rules of public international law. An extreme example of a territorial approach is found in the common law and US rule that the presence of the defendant within the territory is sufficient to constitute jurisdiction, regardless of the tenuousness or transitory character of the link between the defendant and the territory. This idea of territoriality is rightly controversial, because it does not seem to reflect the public international law conception of territorial jurisdiction. The territorial connection on which jurisdiction is based is not in respect of the act or thing to which the dispute relates, but merely the subsequent presence of the defendant. Because presence is only required at the time of commencement of proceedings, not at the time of any events related to the dispute, it bears no necessary relation to the question of whether the proceedings are connected in any way with the forum state. Presence establishes only a physical capacity for effective jurisdiction, perhaps based on the outdated conception that an exercise of civil jurisdiction may necessitate the use of physical force against the person of the defendant. If this is a meaningful consideration at all, it is relevant only to the question of the enforcement of the judgment (which may ultimately depend on criminal sanctions), not to the assertion of jurisdiction. It seems to confuse the question of enforcement jurisdiction under international law, the capacity of a state to exercise physical control over its territory, with adjudicative jurisdiction, the capacity of the state to assert its authority to hear proceedings. Alternatively, it appears to reflect an old fashioned ‘positivist’ view of jurisdiction, based on absolute sovereignty – the only limits on state jurisdiction are practical or self-imposed limits; where jurisdiction is physically possible (because of the presence of the defendant) it is acceptable. Conclusion When viewed from a systemic perspective, the components of private international law, rules on jurisdiction, applicable law, and the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments, are revealed to have a functional commonality that responds to this potential for regulatory conflict, in support of the principle of subsidiarity. They are each limited and imperfect techniques aimed at reducing the possibility of inconsistent legal treatment of disputes, by (respectively) reducing the number of states that can hear a dispute, increasing the likelihood that each state will apply the same substantive rules to resolve a dispute, and decreasing the likelihood that a dispute heard in one state will be re-heard in another state. Private international law is not merely a discipline of narrow professional interest for specialist national lawyers and academics.

TRXYE by Troye Sivan free essay sample

â€Å"Life isnt about finding yourself, its about creating yourself.† That is a quote from Troye Sivan an australian actor, singer, songwriter, and youtube personality. On his birthday in 2013 Troye was signed to the record company EMI Australia and began writing and producing his ep TRXYE. He shared this information to his fans on June 26th, 2014 at vidcon, a yearly youtube event held in California. The ep was released on August 5th 2014 with the single Happy Little Pill coming out on July 25th.TRXYE includes 5 songs, Happy Little Pill, Touch, Fun, Gasoline and an adaption of his song The Fault In Our Stars inspired by the John Green Novel. The album hit number 2 in canada as well in New Zealand, number 5 in the USA and hit number 1 in 55 countries on itunes. Before releasing a full ep Sivan was uploading covers of popular songs to the video sharing site of Youtube. His first video on the site was in 2007 at the age of 12. We will write a custom essay sample on TRXYE by Troye Sivan or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As of mid December Troye has a little over 3 million subscribers on his Youtube channel â€Å"Troye Sivan†. It was at this time that he created his stage name from taking his first name of Troye and his middlename of Sivan meaning June in Jewish. In the summer of 2014 he was nominated for two Teen Choice Awards, one for best male web star and another with his good friend and fellow youtuber Tyler Oakley for best web collaboration. He and Oakley won with their video â€Å"The Boyfriend Tag†. Mellet is also an actor being casted at age 13 he was James Howelett in the movie X-Men Origins: Wolverine. And was casted in 2010 as Spud in the australian series of 3 movies titled Spud. Troye Sivan Mellet, was born June 5th 1995 in Johannesburg, South Africa. Born the 2nd child to Laurelle and Shaun Mellet he has an older brother named Steele, younger brother ,Tyde and younger sister Sage along with their dog Jagga. Although being born in the largest South African city, Troye and his family moved to Perth Australia when he was about 2.On August 7th, 2010 Mellet announced to his family of his homosexuality and exactly 3 years later informed the world on his youtube channel. Since then he has been a huge activist for the lgbt community. From Troye Sivan Mellet’s latest ep TRXYE to his youtube and acting career Troye has a lot going for him as a young aspiring artist of the 21st century.

Research Paper on Fashion

Research Paper on Fashion The world of Fashion is a vast arena and encompasses every sphere of your life and your activities. Fashion today has taken a front seat and is of topmost priority to every individual from every age group. The word fashion in itself covers a wide arena from clothing to your mode of education, to your way of communication everything today holds a prefix to it in the form of out of or in fashion. Though the impact is more on the youngsters that is from the teenagers to the working professionals its not that the others are left out. All that we do today has got to be fashionable and the latest to the list is whether you are tech savvy, the way you communicate, the way you present yourself everything ought to be fashionable today. Though fashion predominantly in the past was related to the  designer wear clothing, footwear, accessories and others the scope of the word has increased gradually and now it covers everything that you can name of. From the kind of furniture, the kind of cellphone, the kind of clothing, the kind of jewellery, the format of your letter writing, the language you use on the email, the kind of cars, the way you wear make-up, the shades you use for your clothes and your make-up to the way you place your furnitures in your house everything now evolves around fashion. All the above mentioned things have their own fashions and some of them have their own reputed, international brands also like the Versace, Calvin Klein, the Woodlands, Nike, Aarmani, Durian and such like many more the list goes on and on. Youngsters today are more prone in imitating their role models and in most case it is the silver screen heroes and heroines when it comes to fashion related to your dresses and other trendsetting activities like some punch line or any other such activities. When it is how you set up your house or how you design your furnitures people generally follow the trend set by some interior decorators. It is a natural habit of almost everybody today to follow a set pattern which most of the time is very new and contemporary and is laid out by a certain individual or a group of people and call it the in-thing which in other words mean that this is in fashion. The term fashion has become so very predominant these days that which restaurants or which fast food centers you eat in also is termed as fashionable and out of fashion now. Like eating in Mc Donalds is fashionable but eating in an equally good road side ordinary restaurant is out of fashion.However, sometimes it is also the other way round where people eat in the roadside restaurants just because thats in fashion not even giving a thought to the important factors of the quality of food and service that the two different places will have, though this in itself is a debatable topic. Youngsters today get into the habit of smoking and boozing because they with their very little and immature thinking ability feel that this is in fashion and for them whatever is in fashion must be followed by all and sundry. Many teenagers in India today watch only English movies and listen to English music as that is in fashion. They are more knowledgeable in the English culture than their own motherlands culture which by the whole world is considered as one of the richest and valuable cultural society. We do not want to mention that knowing the English culture is a negative aspect but knowing your own culture is equally important, but fortunately or unfortunately that is not in fashion. The fact to be accepted here is that following fashion trends which ever way it might be does certainly prove beneficial at times but sometimes it is also the other way round. But, it is also left to us whether we take up the positives or the negatives from what is in fashion today. In doing so todays guardians and the people who are involved in grooming todays youngsters to become responsible Indian citizens of tomorrow play a major role and the onus is on them to guide the youngsters properly to choose the right path. Last but not the least the colourful world of fashion is so amazing that it ultimately takes everybody in its span including the elders and the oldies also who get overwhelmed by the trend setting fashionable ways and items and join the band of these fashion oriented youngsters. Among all the differences that exist between the different countries and provinces, Fashion trends is possibly the only mantra the whole world chants in unison today. You can also order a custom essay, term paper or research paper on fashion at our online custom writing service which provides students with high-quality custom papers written from scratch. Here is a list of the most popular fashion research paper topics:   Fashion Trends Among Youngsters Today   Fashion Trends Of the Hip Hop Communities   How music influences fashion   Dont Follow Fashion Trend Blindly   Fashion is a bad influence on teenage girls   Fashion in 18th century France   Political and social influences on fashion in the 1930s   Fashion of the 1800s   Fashion in the 1500s   Fashion of the 1950s   Fashion Industry   Fashion TV

Characteristics of Start-Ups - Entrepreneurship in Germany Term Paper

Characteristics of Start-Ups - Entrepreneurship in Germany - Term Paper Example Diversity in teams is considered to be a positive force leading to the effective functioning of the team (Knight et al. 1999). The Top Management Team (TMT) comprises of individuals with power and authority to make strategic decisions (Camelo-Ordaz, Herna ´ndez-Lara, & Valle-Cabrera) and thus, diversity in TMT can impact the organizational outcome. Top Management Team (TMT) has been defined as the â€Å"the relatively small group of most influential executives at the apex of an organization†¦the top three to ten executives† (Finkelstein & Hambrick, 1996: 8, cited by Tacheva, 2007). An entrepreneurial team consists of two or more members who jointly invest in a business in which they have an equal financial interest (Cooney, 2009). They have shared commitment, shared accountability and shared independent tasks and outcomes for these tasks. In this report, the TMT team includes a team of four experienced entrepreneurial CEOs at Omnis Mundi AG, who have pooled in their talent and expertise to foster the creation of new businesses in Europe. This report would hence evaluate the TMT characteristics in startups. Diversity in TMT is desirable in different fields but this report would focus on functional or task-related diversity, background affiliation, tenure/turnover and demographic heterogeneity. Diversity and heterogeneity are synonymous and hence interchangeably used throughout the report. Diversity can be observable (demographic) or non-observable (cognitive) diversity attributes (Tacheva, 2007). The observable characteristics include age, tenure, functional and educational background, and these account for managerial psychological behaviour. These are also known as relations-oriented attributes. Knowledge, skills and expertise or functional background are observable task-related attributes. Non-observable attributes are difficult to assess and hence the TMT is selected based on their observable attributes. According to the upper echelon theory, the TMT behaviour influences firm performance.  

Molecular identity of nkcc cotransporter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Molecular identity of nkcc cotransporter - Essay Example This property is of special significance to the project as the emphasis of research is on the NKCC1 member, one that is known to have two isoforms – NKCC1a and NKCC1b. Of these NKCC1b is also known to be found in brain RNA (Gamba, 2005). It is noted here, though, that the two isoforms of the NKCC1 cotransporter is found only in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) as per research of Cutler and Cramb, 2002. Nevertheless, there is ample evidence that NKCC1, in human and other mammalian species, is functionally implicated in CNS cells. It is observed by Gamba, 2005, that the NKCC1 cotransporter is activated by receptors and assists in neurotransmission by driving anions into the cell. It is also observed by Strange et al, 2000, that the work of the NKCC1 cotransporter complements that of the KCC2 one. The choice of the culture medium, the neuronal-specific CAD cell line, and the somewhat CNS-specific NKCC1 dovetails perfectly for a research attempt that seeks to establish new fac ts on the molecular identity and other expression patterns of these unique electroneutral cotransporters in cells of the central nervous system (CNS). G. Gamba’s excellent 2005 review article on these cotransporters has been extensively used in this paper because it is the most comprehensive document prepared to date being inclusive of all aspects described so far. RT-PCR analysis was carried out on the murine neuronal cell line CAD on both differentiated and undifferentiated cells. Isolated RNA from both differentiated and undifferentiated cells was used. Annealing temperatures used were at C - C at 40 cycles for a maximum of one minute. Primers 10bp in length were used with a gc content above 50%, as recommended (Ribicki, 2001). Upon gel electrophoresis of all the products it was revealed that a ~286 bp bit, exactly as long as the PCR insert, was apparent in all the gels for both differentiated and undifferentiated cells at all PCR